Which of the following is the serous membrane that lines the abdomen and covers the viscera?

The peritoneum is the correct answer because it is specifically defined as the serous membrane that not only lines the abdominal cavity but also encompasses the organs within that cavity, known as the viscera. This membrane plays a crucial role in providing a slippery surface that allows for the movement of abdominal organs as they contract and expand during digestion, and it helps to reduce friction between these organs.

The pleural membrane, on the other hand, lines the lungs and thoracic cavity, which is distinct from the abdominal region. The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart chambers and vessels, and it is not associated with the abdominal cavity. Similarly, the epicardium is a serous membrane that forms the outer layer of the heart, not relevant to the abdominal lining. Thus, the peritoneum stands out as the primary serous membrane linked to the abdomen, making it the most accurate choice.