Which of the following can be detected in urine through microscopic examination?

The correct choice, casts, can indeed be detected through microscopic examination of urine. Casts are cylindrical structures formed in the renal tubules and can indicate various renal conditions. Their presence in urine can provide important diagnostic information about kidney health. Casts can be composed of various materials, including cells, proteins, and debris, and their types can vary according to the underlying pathological processes occurring in the kidneys.

While red blood cells, white blood cells, and glucose can also be relevant when analyzing urine, they do not exclusively form structures that are visible as casts. Red blood cells and white blood cells may be illuminated during a microscopic analysis, but they appear as individual cells rather than structured formations like casts. Glucose in urine is detected using chemical tests rather than through microscopic examination, as glucose does not form any visible structures in these samples.

Understanding casts and their significance can help in interpreting certain kidney-related conditions, which is why their detection through microscopy is a key aspect of urine examination in medical practice.