Which nutrient is primarily broken down by the enzyme amylase present in saliva?

The correct answer is that amylase primarily breaks down carbohydrates. Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, is an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth that initiates the digestion of starch, which is a polysaccharide carbohydrate. When food containing carbohydrates enters the mouth, amylase begins the process of hydrolysis, breaking down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, such as maltose and dextrin. This enzymatic activity is crucial for the digestive process, as it helps convert carbohydrate-rich foods into forms that can be further digested and absorbed in the intestines.

Understanding the role of amylase highlights the importance of enzymes in digesting different types of nutrients. Each enzyme has a specific substrate it acts on, which is why this knowledge is fundamental for both medical assistants and anyone in the healthcare field.