Which hormone is produced by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans?

The hormone produced by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans is insulin. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body's cells, particularly during times of feeding when blood sugar levels are elevated. Insulin helps maintain homeostasis by lowering blood glucose levels and ensuring that cells have the necessary energy to function properly.

In contrast, glucagon is produced by the alpha cells, which raises blood glucose levels when they are low. Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, primarily responsible for stress responses and metabolism regulation. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is produced by the adrenal glands and is involved in the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and energy availability. Understanding the specific functions and origins of these hormones is vital for comprehending metabolic processes in the body.